Super Representatives
Block producers of the TRON network, also called super representatives (SRs), are elected through voting. Any account can apply to become an SR candidate by paying 9,999 TRX and then participate in the SR election. Any account can vote for SR candidates, and the top 27 candidates with the most votes become SRs, who need to run a TRON node to participate in block production and will receive block production rewards and voting rewards. Voters who vote for SRs will also receive voting rewards.
The SR candidates ranked 28th to 127th are also called SR partners, who do not participate in block production or transaction packaging, but can earn voting rewards. Voters who vote for SR partners will also receive voting rewards.
Voting Rights
Before voting for SRs, accounts need to obtain voting rights, namely TRON Power (TP). Voting rights can be obtained by staking TRX. In addition to obtaining Bandwidth or Energy, staking TRX will also bring users voting rights at the same time. Voters who stake 1 TRX will receive 1 TP.
An account loses the corresponding amount of TP after unstaking the staked TRX, and the ongoing voting will also be invalid. Votes are counted every 6 hours, and SRs and SR partners will be changed every 6 hours. If an account has voted multiple times before the vote counting, the TRON network only records the latest vote of the account, and the previous votes will be overwritten.
Rewards
The production of each block on the TRON network will reward a certain amount of TRX to the SRs and SR partners. The rewards are divided into below two parts:
- Block Production Reward: With each block’s production, the TRON network will reward 8 TRX to the SR who produces the block, and the SR will also distribute the remaining part to the voters according to the voter's voting weights after deducting their own commissions based on the set ratio.
- Voting Reward: With each block’s production, the TRON network will reward 128 TRX to SRs and SR partners who will share 128 TRX in proportion to their votes. The voting rewards obtained by SRs and SR partners will also be distributed to voters according to their voting weights after deducting the commissions based on the set ratio.
Super Representative Brokerage
The brokerage ratio is the proportion of rewards deducted by SRs and SR partners. The default ratio is 20%, that is, 20% of the rewards generated by voter voting are paid to SRs or SR partners as commissions. SRs and SR partners can query the brokerage ratio through the wallet/getBrokerage interface, and can also modify the brokerage ratio through the wallet/updateBrokerage interface.
Block Production Rewards Calculation
A Super Representative (SR) earns a block production reward of 8 TRX for each block successfully produced. The TRON network has a block interval of 3 seconds.
The TRON network enters a maintenance period every 6 hours (the maintenance time interval is the No.0 parameter of the TRON network, which can be adjusted through proposals). Each maintenance period lasts 6 seconds, during which block production is paused.
Therefore, within a day (24 hours), the total maintenance time is 24 seconds, and the actual time available for block production is: 86,400 − 24 = 86,376 seconds. The corresponding number of blocks produced in one day is: 86,376 ÷ 3 = 28,792 blocks. Thus, the total daily block rewards generated across the network are: 28,792 × 8 = 230,336 TRX.
The 27 Super Representatives take turns producing blocks. Assuming a brokerage rate of 20%, each Super Representative can earn approximately 1,706 TRX in daily block production rewards. The calculation formula is as follows:
Rewards = 230,336 / 27 * 20% The rewards for SR voters each day are:
Rewards for a Voter = 230,336 / 27 * 80% *（Votes received from this voter / Total votes received by the SR） Voting Rewards Calculation
TRON will generate voting rewards of 128 TRX for each block’s production, for a total of 3,685,376 TRX rewards each day. Assuming that the brokerage ratio of an SR is 20%, the voting rewards an SR or SR partner gets each day are:
Rewards = 3,685,376 * Votes obtained by the SR or SR partner / Total votes of all SRs and SR partners * 20%The voting rewards for the voters of an SR and SR partner each day are:
Rewards = 3,685,376 * Votes obtained by the SR or SR partner / Total votes of all SRs and SR partners * 80% *（ Votes / Votes obtained by the SR or SR partner ） = 3,685,376 * Votes / Total votes of all SRs and SR partners * 80%Examples of Rewards Calculation
The following section takes an SR and SR partner as examples to illustrate the approximate rewards a user can get in one day. Assuming that the number of votes from the voter is 10,000,000, and the total number of votes of the top 127 candidates at the time of document writing is 28,978,895,254.
Example of rewards calculation for voting for an SR
The following SR has obtained 1,233,278,454 votes, and the brokerage ratio is 10%.
Then, the rewards that SR and the voter can get are:
| User | Block Production Rewards | Voting Rewards | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Super Representative | 230,336 / 27 * 10% = 853.1 TRX | 3,685,376 * 1,233,278,454 / 28,978,895,254 * 10% = 15,684.8 TRX | 16,537.9 TRX |
| Voter | 230,336 / 27 * 90% * 10,000,000 / 1,233,278,454 = 62.3 TRX | 3,685,376 * 10,000,000 / 28,978,895,254 * 90% = 1,144.1 TRX | 1,206.4 TRX |
Example of rewards calculation for voting for an SR partner
The following SR partner has obtained 82,830,160 votes, and the brokerage ratio is 20%.
Then, the rewards that SR partner and the voter can get are:
| User | Block Production Rewards | Voting rewards | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Super Representative Partner | 0 TRX | 3,685,376 * 82,830,160 / 28,978,895,254 * 20% = 2,106.6 TRX | 2,106.6 TRX |
| Voter | 0 TRX | 3,685,376 * 10,000,000 / 28,978,895,254 * 80% = 1,017.3 TRX | 1,017.3 TRX |
Committee and Proposals
The TRON committee consists of the current 27 SRs, responsible for maintaining and modifying the dynamic parameters of the TRON network, such as block production rewards or transaction fees. Each SR, SR partner, and SR candidate has the right to initiate proposals to modify TRON network parameters, but only SR has the authority to vote.
Proposals only support voting for yes, and SRs not voting means they do not agree with a specific proposal. A proposal is valid for three days from the time when the proposal was created. During the validity period, SRs can vote on the proposal or cancel the previous vote. If the proposal receives 18 or more SR votes during the validity period, the proposal will pass. If the proposal does not receive enough votes before the expiration time, the proposal will become invalid.
TRON Network Parameters
The dynamic parameters of the TRON network that can be modified through proposals are as follows:
| Number | Parameter | Current Value |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | Propose to modify the maintenance interval of SR | 6 Hours |
| 1 | Propose to modify the cost of applying for SR account | 9999 TRX |
| 2 | Propose to modify the account creation fee | 0.1 TRX |
| 3 | Propose to modify the fee of 1 unit of Bandwidth | 0.001 TRX |
| 4 | Propose to modify asset issuance fee | 1024 TRX |
| 5 | Propose to modify SR block generation reward | 8 TRX |
| 6 | Propose to modify the rewards given to the top 27 SRs and the following 100 partners | 115200 TRX |
| 7 | Propose to modify the cost of account creation in the system contract | 1 TRX |
| 9 | Propose to activate the Virtual Machine (VM) | 1 |
| 10 | Propose to remove the GR Genesis votes | 1 |
| 11 | Propose to modify the fee of 1 unit of Energy | 0.0001 TRX |
| 12 | Propose to modify the cost of trading pair creation | 1024 TRX |
| 13 | Propose to modify the maximum execution time of one transaction | 80 ms |
| 14 | Propose to allow duplicate account name | 0 |
| 15 | Propose to allow duplicate token name | 1 |
| 16 | Propose to allow resource delegation | 1 |
| 18 | Propose to allow the TRC-10 token transfer in smart contracts | 1 |
| 19 | Propose to modify the total Energy limit | 180000000000 ENERGY |
| 20 | Propose to allow the initiation of multi-signature | 1 |
| 21 | Propose to allow adaptive adjustment for total Energy | 0 |
| 22 | Propose to modify the fee for updating account permission | 100 TRX |
| 23 | Propose to modify the fee for updating multi-signature | 1 TRX |
| 24 | Propose to enable protocol optimization | 0 |
| 26 | Propose to support Constantinople Upgrade for TVM | 1 |
| 29 | Propose to modify the adaptive Energy limit | 1000 |
| 30 | Propose to support the decentralized vote dividend | 1 |
| 31 | Propose to modify the block voting rewards given to the top 27 SRs and the following 100 partner | 128 TRX |
| 32 | Propose to allow TVM to support Solidity 0.5.9 | 1 |
| 33 | Propose to modify the adaptive Energy limit target | 10 |
| 35 | Propose to ban transferring TRX and TRC10 tokens to smart contracts via TransferContract or TransferAssetContract | 0 |
| 39 | Propose to enable the function of verifying zero-knowledge proof in TVM | 1 |
| 40 | Propose to enable PBFT consensus | 0 |
| 41 | Propose to enable TVM Istanbul instruction | 1 |
| 44 | Propose to allow enabling DEX | 0 |
| 45 | Propose to modify fees for creating orders on DEX | 0 TRX |
| 46 | Propose to modify fees for canceling orders on DEX | 0 TRX |
| 47 | Proposal to modify the upper limit of the fee of a smart contract | 15000 TRX |
| 48 | Proposal to open reward pool for transaction fee | 0 |
| 49 | Proposal to optimize black hole accounts | 1 |
| 51 | Propose to enable the new resource model | 0 |
| 52 | Propose to enable the function to stake/unstake balance in virtual machine contracts | 0 |
| 53 | Propose to enable the optimization of account assets | 0 |
| 59 | Propose to enable TVM contract voting | 1 |
| 60 | Propose to initiate EVM-compatible mode for TVM | 0 |
| 61 | Propose to modify the upper limit of free Bandwidth for each account | 600 Bandwidth |
| 62 | Propose to modify the upper limit of total Bandwidth frozen | 43200000000 Bandwidth |
| 63 | Propose to support London Upgrade for TVM | 1 |
| 65 | Propose to allow raising the maximum of MaxCpuTimeOfOneTx net parameters to 400 | 1 |
| 66 | Propose to enable account asset optimization | 1 |
| 67 | Propose to open a new reward algorithm | 1 |
| 68 | Propose to modify the memo charges | 1 TRX |
| 69 | Propose to open the proxy storage optimization | 1 |
| 70 | Propose to enable the new staking mechanism that allows specifying the lock-up days of staked assets | 14 |
| 71 | Propose to allow optimizing the return value of the chainid command | 1 |
| 72 | Propose to allow enabling the dynamic energy model | 1 |
| 73 | Propose to modify the threshold of the dynamic energy model | 5000000000 |
| 74 | Propose to modify the increase factor (in basis points) of the dynamic energy model | 2000 |
| 75 | Propose to modify the maximum increase factor (in basis points) of the dynamic energy model | 34000 |
| 76 | Propose to allow TVM to support Shanghai upgrade | 1 |
| 77 | Propose to allow cancellation of all unstakings | 1 |
| 78 | Propose to allow optimization of delegating resource lock and set the maximum lock period (number of blocks) | 864000 |
| 79 | Propose to allow the optimization of the reward withdrawal algorithm for Phase 1 | 1 |
| 81 | Propose to allow the adjustment on Energy consumption of TVM instructions | 1 |
| 82 | Propose to allow setting an upper limit (in bytes) for the size of account creation transactions | 1000 |
| 83 | Propose to enable transient storage during transaction execution and the memory copying feature | 1 |
| 87 | Propose to allow update the floating-point power operation library from java.lang.Math to java.lang.StrictMath | 1 |
| 88 | Propose to enable verification of transaction limitations at the consensus layer | 1 |
| 89 | Propose to allow introducing BLOBHASH and BLOBBASEFEE transaction instructions as stubs | 1 |
| 92 | The expiration time of proposal | 3 Days |
| 94 | Enable SELFDESTRUCT instruction restriction (compatible with EIP-6780) | 0 |
APIs
The APIs related to SRs, proposals, and voting are as follows:
| Description | API | |
|---|---|---|
| Apply to be an SR candidate | wallet/createwitness | |
| Edit the URL of the SR's official website | wallet/updatewitness | |
| List all SRs | wallet/listwitnesses | |
| Vote for SRs | wallet/votewitnessaccount | |
| Get the SR's brokerage ratio | wallet/getBrokerage | |
| Update the SR's brokerage ratio | wallet/updateBrokerage | |
| Query the rewards that an SR or a user has not yet claimed | wallet/getReward | |
| Claim rewards | wallet/withdrawbalance | |
| Get the timestamp of the next maintenance period | wallet/getnextmaintenancetime | |
| Create a proposal | wallet/proposalcreate | |
| Approve a proposal | wallet/proposalapprove | |
| Delete a proposal | wallet/proposaldelete | |
| List all proposals | wallet/listproposals | |
| Query a proposal by ID | wallet/getproposalbyid |
Updated 15 days ago